According to Kelly, psychological disorders result from what type of personal constructs?

Kelly's Personal Construct Theory posits that psychological disorders can arise from personal constructs that are either too permeable or too inflexible. When constructs are too permeable, individuals may struggle with inconsistent and conflicting information, making it challenging for them to predict and make sense of their experiences. Conversely, constructs that are too inflexible can lead to rigid thinking, whereby individuals are unable to adapt their views and interpretations of experiences in the face of new information or evolving circumstances. This inflexibility can prevent them from effectively coping with challenges, thus contributing to psychological distress.

Understanding this dynamic is crucial for therapeutic approaches based on Kelly's theory, as it emphasizes the importance of helping individuals reevaluate and potentially modify their personal constructs to achieve better psychological health.